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Kham are descriptive terms invented by academic linguists and anthropologists for a nationality in the Middle Hills of mid-western Nepal inhabiting highlands extending through eastern ''Rukum'' and northern ''Salyan'', ''Rolpa'' and ''Pyuthan'' Districts in ''Rapti'' Zone as well as adjacent parts of ''Dhaulagiri'' and ''Bheri'' Zones. They speak a complex of Tibeto-Burman distinct language called Kham not mutually intelligible with Nepal's Magar or other Tibeto-Burman languages. The present Kham homeland was extending from the ''Kaligandaki'' River west across the basin of the West ''Rapti'' to the ''Bheri and Karnali regions''. == History == Due to their oral mythology and distinctive shamanistic practices, Kham are thought to have originally migrated from Siberia but to have lived in their present location for a long time. Their history differs with that of Magars. Their cultural trarditions too differ from that of Magars, although many scholars continue to claim Khams as one branch of Magars. Magars spkeak Magar language, Khams speak Kham language. However, both Kham speakers and Magar speakers claim that they belong to the same ethnicity. Sociologists and anthropologist are still not decisive about distinct identity of Khams and Magars. The ancient Kham homeland was located in the Karnali, Dhaulagiri and Rapti highlands, whose people were displaced by Khas people after repeated aggressions from Kumon and Gurwal territories that led to creation of or formation of Khas Rule in Sinja, which led to downfall of Kham kingdom in this far western region and remained limited to Rapti and Dhaulagiri areas. The Kham kingdom was powerful until the arrival of Khas in Middle Ages, after which they defeated Kham kings and established Khas rule in Nepal. Although Kham were defeated by Khas rulers at the inception of Middle Ages, the Kham people never followed the Khas cultures and traditions. However, Khas people adopted many of the Kham cultural traditions which can be seen today in Khas dress and dances, which are similar to those of Kham women and men. Beginning in the late Middle Ages, Khas peoples progressively settled eastward across the smaller Rapti basin into the more productive ''Gandaki'' basin, again settling in the lower valleys where rice could be grown, thus displacing the indigenous Kham from the farmland. The Khas formed new confederations called ''Baise Rajya'' (twenty-two kingdoms) in the Karnali region and ''Chaubisi Rajya'' (twenty-four kingdoms) in the Gandaki region that eclipsed the Kham politically. In their turn, the Baise and Chaubisi were conquered and unified into Nepal by Chaubisi prince ''Prithvi Narayan Shah'' of ''Gorkha'' between 1743 AD and the end of the 18th century. Kham and other Magars participated as soldiers under Prithvi Narayan, then in armies of the unified state he founded. After the expansion of this state came into conflict with the British Raj and was defeated, part of the Sugauli Treaty settlement gave the British the right to recruit Magars (along with other ''martial tribes'') as ''Gurkha'' mercenaries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kham Magar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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